组织尊龙凯时AG中的新制度主义的根本假设,是合法性(legitimacy)在社会生活里具有决定性的影响🗯,看上去"理性"的组织结构往往是社会建构(social construction )的结果。根据这一假设👩🏻🦱,组织结构经常会为取得合法性而与组织的实际运作相分离,即组织结构事实上并非由理性或者效率所决定,而是反应了被广泛接受的理解🤵🏻♀️、神话(myths )或者此类组织应当具有的结构(Meyer &Rowan ,1977)。每个组织领域(organizational field)中都有相对确定的对结构的要求,而该领域中的每个组织都必须通过"同构"(isomorphism)的过程来使自己的结构符合这些要求(DiMaggio &Powell,1983)🚺,从而在其所处的组织领域里获得合法性🧑🏼⚖️。新制度主义的传统强调由组织领域中结构的理性化而产生的合法性对组织结构的反向塑造作用,非常类似于韦伯在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中对资本主义"铁笼"的论述(Weber ,1992P1930),因此它经常被视为一种"新韦伯主义"(neo-Weberian)的理论💆🏿♂️👨🏽🏫。
当全球化在社会科学研究中成为一个热点领域之后🧚🏿♀️,目前许多新制度主义传统下的研究都集中于制度形式的全球化传播🙆🏿,而关于法律移植的研究也开始集中到全球化的分析框架下。与20世纪60-70年代"法律与发展"(law and development )的语境下西方国家对法律教育和法律研究的输出不同,全球化语境下的法律移植是直接输出以"法治"(rule of law)为核心的法律制度和法律程序(Dezalay &Garth🙍🏿👮🏽♀️,2002),而这些制度的接收者也由殖民地国家扩展到几乎所有处于全球市场经济体系内的发展中国家,包括中国、俄罗斯这样的大国。以梅耶为代表人物的新制度主义者认为,法律制度的全球化传播在很大程度上削弱了民族-国家的独特性😰,使国家法律表现出向"全球化的✊🏼、理性化的以及普遍性的文化原则"(Boyle &Meyer,2002🚈:72)的会聚性(convergence )。
因为调解在国家法律与各种社会秩序之间形成了一个中间的法律与社会空间(intermediatelegal and social space),这便成为一个国家法、习惯法以及社会秩序为建立自身对调解制度的控制的冲突空间(Merry 🚈,1992👦🏼:170)🚴♀️🥢。于是,在不同的社会语境下🤭,这一中间空间将会被以不同的方式建构⌚️。清河法院的调解程序清晰地体现了这一过程——同样的调解程序在县法院民事审判庭与人民法庭里有着完全不同的运作逻辑。
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